Wolfgang Wurmnest provides an overview of the development of private antitrust law enforcement in Germany and reviews important cases decided by the courts. The article concludes:

"The framework for private antitrust proceedings has improved significantly over the last two decades in Germany.
Generally speaking, the basic structure is now well calibrated and courts provide more and more guidance with
regard to the application of the legal framework. A significant gap is the lack of effective collective redress
mechanisms. Given that the pooling of claims is also rather cumbersome, the legislature should step-in to fix this
issue."